Synthesis and determination of apoptotic effect of calcium nanofluoride on breast cancer cells

‌Background & objectives:  Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases in women around the world and has many causes. Calcium regulation plays an essential role in cancer cell tumorigenesis and cell proliferation, migration, metastasis and resistance to apoptosis. Nanocalcium inhibits tumor by changing the pH of cancer cells. In this study, calcium nanofluoride was synthesized and evaluated as one of the treatment candidates and reducing symptoms in breast cancer.   Materials & methods: The mixture of calcium carbonate was sonicated with hydrogen fluoride and the nanoparticles were confirmed by DLS and TEM techniques. MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-474 and healthy MSC cancer cells were cultured. MTT test was also performed to determine the IC50 of the drug and to perform tests for apoptosis, cell cycle, abrasion, hemorrhage, invasion and colonization. Results: The IC50 level of calcium nanofluoride treatment was 1.2 mg / ml using MTT test, but 0.6 mg / ml was used for apoptosis and cell cycle tests with an apoptosis rate of 2.8% in MDA cells. MB-23117% in MCF-7 cells and 4% in BT cells showed no significant extent. Also, MDA-MB-231 cell cycle in G1 and G2 stages showed an increase of 6.7% and 1.01%, respectively, and in S stage showed a decrease of 5.79% without significant extent. MCF-7 decreased by 11.46 and 6.43 percent in G1 and G2 stages, respectively, and increased by 22.52 percent in S stage. BT in stages G1 and G2 shows a 64% increase. Conclusion: Calcium nanofluoride increased cell death by initiating apoptosis, showed good performance in inhibiting and reducing colonization, closure of the scratch site, invasion, sphericity of breast cancer cells of MDA-MB-231 cell line.